</s>File #: 682-116395 Serial Scope: 601 THRELL 1ST NR 605 607, 1STNR 607 609 THREE 616 618 THRLL 620 NW 88608 Docid: 32899640 Page 1

Summary  
The documents detail extensive U.S. federal counterintelligence operations targeting domestic extremist and leftist organizations between 1959 and 1975. These activities, primarily conducted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), focused on groups such as the Communist Party (USA), Black Panther Party (BPP), Ku Klux Klan (KKK), Nation of Islam (NOI), Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), and others. Operations included anonymous communications, surveillance, informant networks, and public exposure strategies to disrupt or discredit these groups. Actions often involved leaking information to media outlets, fabricating evidence, and inciting internal conflicts within targeted organizations. The Counterintelligence Programs (Cointelpro) were central to these efforts, with activities spanning from 1936 to 1971, though the focus of the documents is on operations between 1959 and 1975. Specific examples include anonymous letters sent to disrupt meetings, telephone warnings to individuals, and coordination with entities like the National Rifle Association (NRA) and universities to undermine radical movements. The documents emphasize efforts to prevent subversive activities perceived as threats to national security during the Cold War era.  

Key People  
- **Robert H. Hudgins**: Grand Dragon of Virginia UKA targeted by anonymous letters.  
- **Raymond Adams**: Suspected Klan informant.  
- **Herbert Eugene Aphekerer**: Communist Party member criticized in leaflets.  
- **Arthur Edelman**: BPP leader targeted by FBI leaflets.  
- **Douglas Paul Miranda**: BPP leader accused of misconduct.  
- **Michael Baynham**: BPP member allegedly embezzling funds.  
- **Jackie Spicer**: Suspected author of anonymous letters against the BPP.  
- **George Lucas**: Miami CP chairman accused of disloyalty.  
- **Mary Blair**: Communist Party member fired after anonymous mailings.  
- **Samuel Jaffe**: Former FBI informant linked to Soviet nationals, expelled from the U.S. in 1965.  
- **Earl M. Petersen**: Special Agent in Charge of COINTELPRO operations in San Diego.  
- **Lawrence F. Wirick**: FBI Special Agent involved in BPP investigations.  
- **Robert S. Baker**: Former FBI Special Agent discussing COINTELPRO activities.  
- **Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale**: Founders of the Black Panther Party.  
- **Maulana Ron Karenga**: Leader of "US" Organization.  

Key Locations  
- **Richmond, Virginia** (UKA operations).  
- **Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania** (BPP activities).  
- **New Orleans, Louisiana** (Klan leadership disputes).  
- **Detroit, Michigan** (BPP internal conflicts).  
- **Seattle, Washington** (CP factional disputes).  
- **Los Angeles, California** (BPP and New Left targeting).  
- **San Diego, California** (FBI offices for COINTELPRO operations).  
- **Oakland, California** (BPP national headquarters).  
- **Chicago, Illinois** (NOI headquarters).  
- **New York, New York** (Jaffe’s initial FBI work location).  
- **Hong Kong** (Jaffe’s later residence and employment).  

Key Events  
- **COINTELPRO operations**: Targeted groups like the BPP, US Inc., and NOI through discrediting materials, surveillance, and internal disruption.  
- **Anonymous letters and phone calls**: Used to incite conflict within radical organizations and discredit members.  
- **Disruption of BPP activities**: Including leaks about member associations with white women and interference with the Free Breakfast Program.  
- **Expulsion of Samuel Jaffe**: From the U.S. in 1965 for reporting unfavorably on the USSR.  
- **Legal actions against BPP members**: Arrests for threats, violence, and embezzlement allegations.  
- **Monitoring of CPUSA and NOI**: Focused on their alleged ties to international communism and violent rhetoric.  

Key Organizations  
- **Black Panther Party (BPP)**: Characterized as a violent organization advocating revolution until 1971, later shifting toward community service.  
- **Communist Party, USA (CPUSA)**: Labeled subversive due to its links to international communism; avoided extreme rhetoric after 1971.  
- **Ku Klux Klan (KKK)**: Monitored for use of community centers and alleged criminal activities.  
- **Nation of Islam (NOI)**: Described as an extremist group with quasi-military units advocating violence against whites.  
- **Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)**: Targeted during university conventions for revolutionary rhetoric.  
- **"US" Organization**: Promoted cultural revolution and later armed struggle, led by Maulana Ron Karenga.  
- **National Rifle Association (NRA)**: Coordinated with FBI to undermine radical groups.  
- **Mellon Foundation and Council of Churches**: Involved in monitoring or funding investigations against subversive activities.  

No direct reference to John F. Kennedy or the assassination investigation is present in these records.

Summary  
The document details FBI counterintelligence operations targeting radical groups such as the Black Panther Party (BPP), US, Incorporated, and others during the 1960s-1970s. These activities were part of the FBI’s Counterintelligence Program (COINTELPRO), which aimed to disrupt extremist organizations through surveillance, informants, propaganda dissemination, and legal pressure. Interviews with FBI agents and supervisors provided insights into methods like electronic monitoring of BPP members, efforts to undermine their programs (e.g., the Breakfast Program), and internal conflicts within radical groups. The U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence Activities (SSC) investigated these operations, seeking access to FBI records while balancing transparency with operational security. Key figures included FBI supervisors like Richard H. Blooser and Robert S. Baker, who discussed surveillance tactics, informant handling, and legal challenges in conducting investigations. The FBI’s role in preventing revolutionary violence and its interactions with local authorities and the Senate Committee are central themes.  

Key People  
- **Robert S. Baker**: Former FBI Special Agent involved in monitoring radical groups in San Diego.  
- **Richard H. Blooser**: FBI Supervisor interviewed about COINTELPRO operations against the BPP.  
- **Lester Seidel**: SSC staff member conducting interviews with FBI officials.  
- **Frank Church**: Chairman of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence Activities.  
- **Edward H. Levi**: Attorney General of the United States (1975–1981).  
- **Ron Karenga**: Leader of US, Incorporated, a group in conflict with the BPP.  
- **Huey P. Newton**: Founder of the Black Panther Party, later a fugitive.  
- **Samuel Adason Jaffe**: Former journalist accused of FBI interference due to alleged Soviet ties.  

Key Locations  
- **Los Angeles, California**: FBI offices and headquarters for COINTELPRO operations.  
- **San Diego, California**: Site of BPP activities and FBI surveillance efforts.  
- **Washington, D.C.**: Headquarters of the FBI and Department of Justice; location of Senate Select Committee meetings.  
- **Moscow, Russia**: Jaffe’s former assignment as a journalist linked to Soviet intelligence ties.  

Key Events  
- **COINTELPRO operations**: FBI efforts to disrupt the BPP and US, Incorporated through surveillance, propaganda, and legal actions.  
- **Discontinuation of BPP surveillance**: Following court rulings (e.g., "Keith Decision") that limited FBI investigative methods.  
- **Internal conflicts within radical groups**: Struggles between the BPP and US, Incorporated, leading to violence and mutual accusations.  
- **Senate Select Committee investigations**: Review of FBI records and procedures for accessing sensitive materials related to intelligence operations.  
- **FBI administrative protocols**: Discussions on redacting documents, resolving disputes over material disclosure, and balancing transparency with national security.  

Key Organizations  
- **Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)**: Conducted COINTELPRO against the BPP and other extremist groups; provided testimony to the Senate Select Committee.  
- **Black Panther Party (BPP)**: Target of FBI surveillance and disruption efforts; described as violent and anti-government.  
- **United States (US) Inc.**: Antagonistic group with frequent conflicts against the BPP.  
- **Senate Select Committee on Intelligence Activities (SSC)**: Investigated FBI operations, sought access to records, and negotiated disclosure protocols.  
- **Communist Party, USA (CPUSA)**: Linked to international communism; deemed a subversive threat under U.S. law.  
- **Nation of Islam (NOI)**: Black nationalist group with military-style factions and violent confrontations with authorities.

JFK Declassified Files

124-10179-10221_multirif.pdf

Document Summary

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