</s>104-10332-10016 2025 RELEASE UNDER THE PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY ASSASSINATION RECORDS ACT OF 1992 Central Intelligence Agency Washington, D.C. 2005 13 December 1996 MEMORANDUM FOR: Executive Director Assassination Records Review Board SUBJECT: (U) Identity of Human Sources (We request that this memorandum be returned to CIA once the Review Board has completed its deliberations on the issues discussed below.) 1. (U) Issue. The purpose of this memorandum is to relate CIA's concerns to the ReviewBoard regarding the release of the true names of human sources of intelligence which appear in the JFK Collection and to present a proposal on how this problem could be addressed. I. Factual Background 2. (I) (U.) In general, CIA (sources) are foreign nationals, recruited and living in a foreign country, who provide information to the U.S. Government under a promise of confidentiality. Their act of passing information to them of confidentiality, as they act of passage information to their own country and would be considered espionage, which is a capital offense in most countries. Just as in this country would be spy-headline news even 30 years after the fact-a would be heading news even when 30 years later in fact- a Review Board will recall that when former National Security agency employee Robert Lipka was arrested approximately a year ago. Robert LipKA was arrested immediately a carlier. This received a lot of attention in the United States. Lipka is currently waiting trial in the U ., for his alleged espionage activities. 3. (UI) This month, the Review Boards will be considering approximately 50-60 true names for human sources for release. These particular sources range from encrypted CL BY: CL REASON: 01859904 CL REASON: 1.5(c) X1 DECL ON: 1.6(c). DRV FM: HUM 4-82 SECRET

Summary  
This memorandum from the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) addresses concerns regarding the release of true names of human intelligence sources linked to the JFK assassination investigation. The CIA emphasizes that releasing such names poses significant risks to the safety and security of these individuals, who are foreign nationals engaged in espionage for the U.S. Government. Legal protections under statutes like the Classified Information Procedures Act (CIPA) and the Intelligence Identities Protection Act prohibit disclosure of source identities due to potential harm from foreign governments or hostile entities. The CIA requests that names of covert assets, including those associated with Lee Harvey Oswald’s activities, remain protected. Specific individuals such as Manuel Calvillo, Miguel Nazar-Haro, Phillipa Thyraud De Vosjoli, Franklin Anthony Garcia Wheelock, Jose Marie Mankel, and Alonso Rudolph Richrich (Wichtrich) are highlighted as covert assets whose identities should not be disclosed to avoid endangering their lives or those of their associates. The CIA also notes that while some information about these individuals may be released, their true names must remain confidential to uphold operational security and legal obligations.  

Key People  
- **Manuel Calvillo**: Unwitting source linked to Alfonso Wrichrich; identified in JFK-related investigations but his name is protected to avoid association with Wrichrich.  
- **Miguel Nazar-Haro**: CIA asset mentioned in documents related to the JFK assassination; future releases of his name require case-by-case review.  
- **Phillipa Thyraud De Vosjoli**: Former French Service head in Washington (1951–63); retired and became a U.S. citizen, with ties to German and Canadian intelligence services.  
- **Franklin Anthony Garcia Wheelock**: Key figure in the Alavaroa story; his name is protected due to risks to his family in Nicaragua.  
- **Jose Marie Mankel**: CIA asset involved in operations related to the JFK assassination; his true name remains confidential to avoid harm to him and his associates.  
- **Alonso Rudolph Richrich (Wichtrich)**: WWII intelligence officer who worked with the CIA in Panama and Mexico; his name is protected due to potential risks to his family and operational security.  

Key Locations  
- **Cuba**: Mentioned as a location where some sources operated, including Calvillo’s alleged involvement with Cuban Embassy activities.  
- **Soviet Union**: Lee Harvey Oswald’s defection and re-defection are discussed, with the CIA noting no evidence of direct contact between Oswald and CIA operations.  
- **Nicaragua**: Wheelock’s family is linked to this country, where disclosure of his identity could lead to public identification and retaliation.  
- **Panama**: Richrich (Wichtrich) had ties to the Panama City Station, with potential risks to his son’s contact with the CIA.  

Key Events  
- **CIA’s stance on source protection**: The agency argues that releasing names of human sources compromises their safety and undermines operational security, citing legal statutes like CIPA and the Intelligence Identities Protection Act.  
- **Review Board deliberations**: The Assassination Records Review Board is considering the release of 50–60 true names of CIA sources, with the CIA proposing substitutions (e.g., “source” or coded identifiers) to protect identities.  
- **Oswald’s connection to CIA**: The CIA asserts no evidence of contact between Oswald and its Office of Operations, though some former officials recall potential interactions.  
- **Release of specific names**: Names like Calvillo, Nazar-Haro, and Mankel are flagged for protection due to risks to their safety or the agency’s operational integrity.  

Key Organizations  
- **Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)**: Central to the discussion on source protection, legal obligations, and operational security.  
- **Assassination Records Review Board**: Oversees the release of records related to JFK assassination investigations, balancing transparency with confidentiality.  
- **FBI**: Mentioned in context of Phillipa Thyraud De Vosjoli’s intelligence ties.  
- **National Security Act (1947)**: Framework for U.S. intelligence operations and source protection policies.

JFK Declassified Files

104-10332-10016.pdf

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